|
|
Water course buffer zone in agricultural landscape
Barva, Jiří ; Forejtníková, Milena (referee) ; Králová, Helena (advisor)
The bachelor thesis provides summary of comprehensive information concerning the importance and establishment of the buffer strips along watercourses in the agricultural landscape. The input section focuses on solving activities and analysis of Czech legislative instruments. The main part describes the important functions of the buffer strips, which are based on foreign studies. The proposal of using the buffer strips in our conditions were made on the base of obtained information at the end of this work.
|
|
|
Aleje a jejich role v zemědělské krajině - stav a perspektivy
Kučerová, Laura
The thesis deals with the issue of tree-lined alleys and rows of trees in agricultural landscapes, which were described in detail in the theoretical section. In the application part, a summary map of 210 potential alleys and 631 potential rows of trees was created in the terri-tory of the Olomouc District outside the built-up area of the city of Olomouc and the Libavá military training area, supplemented by a database of 10 alleys in the Olomouc region and a green passport of the city of Olomouc. The data from the map were evaluated based on the location of the elements in individual municipalities in terms of density, length, and number of elements. Field research was carried out in two locations. In the village of Drahanovice was mapped out total of 11vegetation elements and in the town of Velká Bystřice was mapped out total of 41 vegetation elements. Mapping was subsequently evaluated. New elements were proposed in these areas based on the current and historical landscape structure, focusing on soil blocks with an area of more than 30 ha and more than 10 ha in areas with strongly eroded soils.
|
|
|
Viniční terasy jako refugia pro výskyt xerotermních druhů pavouků (Araneae) a jejich bioindikační využití v hodnocení kvality životního prostředí a úrovně biodiverzity
Košulič, Ondřej
The large-scale decline of traditionally managed early-successional habitats caused by the joint effects of agricultural intensification and abandonment of marginal lands has resulted in a critical reduction of xerophilous arthopods throughout Europe. The question is whether newly generated early-successional sites of human-made habitats (in this case vineyard terraces) may partially compensate this habitat loss. My research, therefore, focusses on spiders as model organisms to determine the potential importance of xeric slopes of vineyard terraces for biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes. I analyzed species density, abundances, rareness degree and conservation value among vineyard terraces with two habitat types of different succession stages (sparse and dense grass turf) placed in in landscapes with varying proportions of surrounding potential source areas (steppe -- foresteppes) and different surrounding habitats (habitat structure) around studied terraces. During 2011 were collected by different methods 6040 adult specimens of spiders belonging to 171 species, 69 genus and 24 families. From this representation were calculated high proportion of rare xeric specialist (40 %) and red-listed threatened species (15 %). From the statistical analyses, overall species density and abundance of spiders did not differ significantly between the terraces with sparse and dense vegetation cover, however species density was significantly influenced by presence of xeric grasslands around vineyards. The occurence of rare and endangered epigeic was significantly associated with the type of successional stage (for epigeic and epiphytic species), as well as rareness degree, conservation value and abundances significantly increased with presence of adjacent steppe grasslands. The results indicate that artificial habitats, such as vineyard terraces, are important refuges for wide spectra of xerothermophilous spiders. To prevent losses of rare and endangered xeric species, I suggest some small scale management methods that maintain important microhabitat mosaic structures under the different succession stages.
|
|
|
Small mammals communitis in the surrounding of town České Budějovice and the common voles (Microtus arvalis) population ecology
KAPOUN, Ondřej
The changes in the small mammals abundance were studied on the total of eight plots in three different habitats situated on three different localities during the period between autum 2004 {--} spring 2006. The effects on small mammals comunities composition were odserved.Also the effect of locality, habitat type, vegetation structure and avian predation on vole numbers and reproduction parameters was assessed. The impact of habitat type on population dynamic was also examined. The highst numbers of small mammals species and the highst species diversity were found on the set-aside-plots. This may be explained by species-specific relationship to vegetation structure and also probably heterogenity of vegetation cover. The predation by Common Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) and Common Buzzard (Buteo buteo) had no significant effect on vole numbers. In addition, no differences were found in population dynamics between localities. However, there were some differences between habitat types: the trefoil-fields serve as source patches of individuals in breeding season (63.08% of sexually active voles; mean fecundity 3.6 juv./female) while set-aside-plots are probably sinks (47.16% of sexually active voles; mean fecundity 1.3 juv./female). This may be explained by food quality. Set-aside-plots seem to have an important role on the overwintering of individuals, as in the rest of the habitats local population could become extinct during winter. This might be due to some protective influence of plant biomass, with restrain the impact of the winter season on vole survival. The role of habitat types (sink/source) is changing during season. Neverthelles, "trefoil-field" patches, influence magnitude of vole number fluctuations while set-aside-plots are important for maintenace and stability of vole metapopulation. The bachelor thesis includes a literary review, containing a a brief description of several basic hypotheses offering explanation of the causes and the maintenance of the population cycles. Another section of the review concerns variation in small mammal population dynamics on the geographical and local level. Some attention is also paid to changes in the small mammal demographics in the course of a population cycle.
|
|
|
Temporal changes in bird communities at the landscape level in Třeboň basin
Havelka, Jan ; Sedláček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Reif, Jiří (referee)
Population trends of birds are usually studied mainly on large national and continental scales or, on the contrary, quite locally. In an attempt to link these spatial scales, we repeated a quantitative survey of bird communities in the Třeboň Protected Area twenty years later (between 2001 and 2021). Bird counts were conducted during the breeding season on a fifty- kilometre transect (128 count points) intersecting a diverse range of habitats. We found declines in long-distance migrants and insectivorous birds compared to more stable or slightly increasing populations of resident species. Consistent with known trends, we also observed declines in populations of species tied to agricultural landscapes. Deviations from the well described trends by JPSP and PECBMS relate more to individual species characteristics. For example, we observed increases in populations of otherwise declining House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) and Field Sparrow (Passer montanus), or nationally stable Eurasian Siskin (Spinus spinus). Using detailed mapping of habitat and vegetation changes and other ecological characteristics of individual species, we have attempted to explain these general and site-specific changes in bird abundance and population trends. We were also interested in the manifestations of the generally...
|
|
|
Integration of drainage measures in stream restoration projects. Application in the catchment area of the Klíšský Brook.
Vláčilová, Klára ; Matoušková, Milada (advisor) ; Šobr, Miroslav (referee)
This thesis deals with options of integration of drainage measures in stream restoration projects in rural landscape. The main aims are creation of research on the topic and creation of database of drainage systems in the area of interest, upper course of the Klíšský Brook. Partial aim is physical- geographical characreristics of the area of interest. The positive and negative effects of drainage are presented and discussed, and then adaptation measures to mitigate the harmful effects are described. The overview of drainage in the catchment is a synthesis of map data from the Register of Soil Blocks, data provided by the Ohře River Basin, drainage found in aerial photographs and field research. There are both main drainage facilities and drainage pipes in the area of interest. 10 surface canals and 7 drainages flow into the revitalized part of the Klíšský Brook. While the canals are still functional, the drainage is clogged with sediment, overgrown with vegetation and causes wetting. The results serve as a basis for the design of adaptation measures in the restoration of the Klíšský Brook. Key words: hydromelioration, drainage, rural landscape, adaptation measures, restoration, water retention
|
|
| |
|
|
Druhová diverzita ptáků (Aves) zemědělské krajiny v okolí Boskovic
Marková, Veronika
The bachelor thesis has a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part summarizes the knowledges about birds, their morphology, ways of life and importance. The separate chapters are dedicated to their protection and occurrence in agricultural landscapes. The practical part contains the results of own observation and their evaluation. The bird species and their abundance have been identified in the three defined areas for four months, from April to July. Further basic synecological calculations and evaluation of the given area were carried out. In the agricultural landscape surrounding Boskovice 56 bird species were observed and because these species were seen at the time of breeding, it is possible to assume that they were nesting in this area as well.
|
|
|
Pozemkové úpravy a udržitelný rozvoj zemědělské krajiny
Stejskalová, Johanka
This bachelor thesis deals with the problems of land consolidation and their beneficial influence on the agricultural landscape. The theoretical part describes the land consolidation from the beginning of their creation, through the implemented forms, the complicated process of design, financing and legislation to their influence on the sustainable development of rural space. The practical part deals with the evaluation of the complex land consolidation in the cadastral area of Lhotka u Zlína. Initially, an analysis was made of the original state of the analysed territory, followed by a part describing and evaluating the changes. In addition to the assessment of ownership relations, most of the attention was given to anti-erosion and water management measures, which were the main reasons for starting land consolidation in this location.
|
|
|
Problémy současného rozvoje vesnických sídel a možnosti jejich řešení
Kuklová, Alexandra
The thesis deals with the current state of the countryside. Especially the issues related to agricultural landscapes and their shortcomings and other related issues. Literature search, in addition to the general description of the contemporary countryside, its condition and functions, the literature search is also dedicated to the countryside of the South Moravian Region, which is then related to the selected model object Tvrdonice, which is located in this region. Literature search also seeks to outline the above-mentioned issues of agricultural landscapes and to focus on possible solutions. One of the main problems is the perception of wind erosion and the poor and dysfunctional condition of many existing windbreaks. That is why a part of the proposals focusing on the gradual renewal of existing windbreaks and proposing their new network are also addressed. The design section is also dedicated to wetland, mainly to exploit landscape potential and increase the ecological stability of the area and to support biodiversity.
|
guest ::
